Compiled from the following sources:
Special biographic research
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2002-2006
Who's Who, Current Chinese Leaders
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2003-2005
People's Daily Online
XINHUA Online (China View)
Government of the People's Republic of China
Revision History:
Biography Revised: 3/20/2013
Career Data Updated: 4/23/2013
Former Member of the 17th CPC Central Committee; Former Minister of the Ministry of Supervision