Compiled from the following sources:
Special biographic research
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2002-2006
Who's Who, Current Chinese Leaders
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2003-2005
Revision History:
Biography Revised: 5/22/2003
Career Data Updated: 9/18/2007
Member of the CPC Central Military Commission, Deputy Director of the PLA General Political Department