Compiled from the following sources:
Special biographic research
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2002-2006
Who's Who, Current Chinese Leaders
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2003-2005
People's Daily Online
XINHUA Online (China View)
Revision History:
Biography Revised: 3/16/2013
Career Data Updated: 3/16/2013
Former Member of the Standing Committee of the Politburo Bureau of the 17th CPC Central Committee; Former Premier of the State Council