Compiled from the following sources:
Special biographic research
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2002-2006
Who's Who, Current Chinese Leaders
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2003-2005
Zhongguo Gongchandang Lijie Zhongyang Weiyuan Dacidian, 1921-2003
Beijing: Zhonggong dangshi chubanshe 2004
Ministry of Public Security
Revision History:
Biography Revised: 10/21/2010
Career Data Updated: 10/22/2010
Member of the 17th CPC Central Committee, Vice-Minister of the Ministry of Public Security