Compiled from the following sources:
Special biographic research
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2002-2006
Who's Who, Current Chinese Leaders
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2003-2005
Revision History:
Biography Revised: 11/15/2004
Career Data Updated: 7/11/2006
Member, 18th CPC, Central Committee, Central Commission for Discipline Inspection