Compiled from the following sources:
Special biographic research
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2002-2006
Who's Who, Current Chinese Leaders
Wen Wei Publishing Company, Ltd. 2003-2005
Zhongguo Gongchandang Lijie Zhongyang Weiyuan Dacidian, 1921-2003
Beijing: Zhonggong dangshi chubanshe 2004
Revision History:
Biography Revised: 12/21/2006
Career Data Updated: 12/21/2006
Political Commissar of the Chinese PLA Military Academy of Sciences, Member of the 16th CPC Central Committee